BOOKS
Ambrose, G. and Harris, P. (2005). Basics design: colour. 5th ed. Switzerland: AVA Pub
This source discusses the importance of color in environment design and describes the basics of color. The authors mentioned that color is the most immediate form of non-verbal communication, and how it can be used to describe the thoughts and emotions. This source focused on developing an understanding of the appropriate use of colors for human well-being. The chapter is divided according to the level of understanding.
In chapter 1 the basics of color has been discussed i.e. how different people with varied cultures perceive the colors and also deliberate the basic terminology associated with colors for example- primary, secondary and tertiary colors. Furthermore, in the following chapters, it reviews the different color systems with their applications and techniques. In the fifth chapter of the book, the color symbolism has been talked over, how the colors are associated with different human emotions, depending upon different cultures and norms in detail. It also highlights the importance of colors i.e. consideration of culture and emotion while designing. In final segments, the color practicing and coding has been taken into consideration.
Reed, R. (2010) COLOR + DESIGN: Transforming Interior Space. Fairchild Books.
This book focuses on design processes for using color rather than color science or color art. The author explains color as a tool to visualize spatial transformations. The main emphasis is to state the importance of using color in conjunction with principles of design. Their significance is important to understand the complexity of colors. These are not definite rules in the design process, but rather act as a tool in that process. The chapter’s focuses on smart use of color in combination with design principle to create a quality space.
Initially, a basic understanding of color theory and systems has been established, with the live examples of well-known designers. Then, the properties of color have been discussed i.e. the power of color to define feelings, personality. Furthermore, the color has been associated with each principle to define its effectivity in collaboration with them. Finally, the relationship between culture and colors has been described by taking examples of five different cultures. This source builds a different approach towards color and design that enables a designer to design a user-friendly space.
Pile, J. (2003). Interior design. 3rd ed. New York: Harry N. Abrams, pp.287-323.
This book mentions the various interior design elements and their basics and application. In this particular section, the color has been emphasized particularly. It tells about the importance of color as a most important element, i.e. how color alone can alter the perception of a space with its right or wrong use. The aim of the book is to bring up that aspect of the color, which generally loses the attention i.e. its ability to transform the form. This has been done in a certain designed manner. First, the basic understanding of color basics, the color spectrum, different color schemes have been developed. Then, the interdependency of color and light has been taken into consideration i.e. how the human eye perceives light with different wavelengths and interprets them in the brain as different colors and link them to certain defined emotions i.e. soothing or exciting, subtle or aggressive and so on. the different color schemes have been taken into account individually explaining its meaning and relevance with the real-life existing designs. Furthermore, it also develops the relationship of color as an element with other design elements. Finally, it approaches practical applications i.e. how to apply them in different interior spaces. At last, some case study examples have also been given for a better understanding of color.
Slotkis, S. (2017). Foundations of interior design. 3rd ed. BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHER, pp.65-85.
This source explores the foundation of interior design. The objective of the author was to provide a base for the interior design students. This whole process is not only creative but problem-solving. In this particular section of the book, the color theory and its applications have been taken into consideration. It has also been stated that how people use colors to express themselves since ages. The science of colors has been explored in terms of its physics (origin of color through light), chemistry (deals with composition, structure, and properties of color substance) and physiology (concerned with human perception). The color systems and color harmony have also been discussed in this article to provide the base to interior design students. Throughout this chapter, the color has been explained in technical terms, which allow designers to communicate with space using a universal understood vocabulary.
Mahnke, F. and Mahnke, R. (1993). Color and light. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
This book discusses color from a different point of view of designing the man-made environment. Color is described not only the property of an object, space or surface, rather it is interpreted as a sensation created by the certain quality of light which our eye perceives and the brain interprets. It is articulated that color and light are major influential factors in the man-made environment and how they affect them in both psychological and physical manner. For more of practical approach and application, the book has been divided into two parts. The first one discusses the environmental conditions in consideration to color and light and their effects on humans. This part is basically a short review of color and light basics like color schemes, color systems, biological effects of light etc. On the other side, the second part focusses more on the practical approach to use color and light in different environments i.e. Its application considerations in offices, schools, hospitals, industries etc. The authors tried to cover more of professional based data rather than theoretical approach.
Bright, K. and Cook, G. (2010). The colour, light, and contrast manual. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.
This source offers a wide range of information and reference of and how people react to color, light, and contrast when using in their everyday environment. The approach taken in this text is the inclusive accessible environment. It focusses on how color, lighting, and contrast can be used to achieve the inclusive design. In the first chapter, the authors explained about. In this chapter, what is inclusive design and its principles, in general, has been described first and then how this design approach is beneficial for the built environment from the perspective of color, light, and contrast has been taken into consideration in brief. In further chapters, the basics of color, light, and contrast and how these can be applied in an inclusive accessible environment has been illuminated individually in depth. Lastly, the authors have taken the live examples to explain the application of all the above concepts in the built environment. Overall, this source is a full package to learn and understand the factors need to be considered while designing.
SULLY, A. (2015). INTERIOR DESIGN. [S.l.]: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PU, pp.169-183.
The book is about the interior design: conceptual basis. It discusses all those terms and factors which defines an interior space. This particular chapter of the book talks about the color concepts in interior design. Firstly, it starts with the brief introduction of what the color is, how it had been developed in the industry and how it can be seen in both integral and applied forms. Then, it has been discussed that how to deal with them at the professional level i.e. the factors that govern its selection. The factors mentioned are single color dominance, a blend of colors, location, proportional judgment, and shape of a color. All of these theories are well explained and supported with appropriate experiments and existing examples at an individual level.
Ghazzeh, T. (2001). The architectural decoration in the traditional houses of Al-Alkhalaf, Saudia Arabia. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 18 no2 Summ 2001, pp.156-177.
This source discusses the traditional architectural decoration style of Saudi Arabia. It converses about how colors and other design elements were used in interior and exterior decoration to add beauty and depict cultural beliefs in traditional buildings of Saudi Arabia. It has also been deliberated in the text, that the natural materials were used as basic ingredients to produce colors. The author aims to recycle and reuse the traditional arts in contemporary design so as to preserve the heritage of the country and achieve the culturally responsive architecture. The research had been conducted in the form of trip visits to the village Al-Alkhalaf village and interviews of its inhabitants. the observations had been made by taking two houses into consideration and analyzing their decorating styles. The author believes that only a better understanding of traditional art can develop the best contemporary design.
ARTICLES
Lenham, J., 2013. Colour, contrast, and comfort: interior design in dementia. Nursing & Residential Care, 15(9), pp.616-618.
In this article, the major concern shown by the author is about people with dementia. People who suffer from dementia, often misinterpret the world around them, due to the problem with their sight which in turn disorient and distress then. As mentioned in the article, following the special policy for these people under the prime minister’s dementia challenge, the department of health (D.H(a)). 2013, the DH(b) has announced special care homes and hospitals. The author had tried to aware designers with some important aspects which can be used in the creation of these special spaces. He had considered the importance of corridor design, color, and contract, windows, lighting, communal areas, garden and signage in the development of architectural spaces which build a positive impact on these people. With the help of good examples at each step, it provides a practical approach and responsibility for designers for designing care homes. Overall, with the help of this article, the author had tried to raise awareness about dementia so as to provide them with a better quality of life.
Von Castell, C., Hecht, H. & Oberfeld, D. 2018, “Which Attribute of Ceiling Color Influences Perceived Room Height?”, Human Factors: The Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 60, no. 8, pp. 1228-1240.
In this article, the author has highlighted the power of ceiling color to alter the perception of interior spaces. The objective of this source is to study the effects of the three perceptual and colorimetric properties of color i.e. hue, saturation, and luminance on the perceived height of interior spaces. Taking all the above properties in consideration, some recommendation has been made. For example: with respect to saturation, it has been observed that ceiling appears to be lower when painted in pure color in comparison to that in a pale color. In perceptive of hue, it has been proposed that the shades of red and green make space feel more confined as compare to that in blue shades. In respect to brightness, it has been observed that in dark shade appears to be more confined than that of a bright shade of the same color. Generally, it focusses on, providing design tips to designers on how the ceiling paint can change the perception to see the space. Like the above recommendations, many other studies have also been carried i.e. the effects of chromatic and achromatic surface colors on ceilings and space and whether the properties of one is transferable in other or not.
Yildirim, K., Cagatay, K. & Ayalp, N. 2015, “Effect of wall colour on the perception of classrooms”, Indoor and Built Environment, 24, no. 5, pp. 607-616.
This article aims to analyze, how the use of different colors impact the educational environment. The author explained the relationship between humans and their environment as a two-way relationship i.e. human- a user- effect on the environment and on another side the environment- as a place- affects the user. The color has been considered as the major factor in defining an environment. The interior design of a classroom is the most dominant factor in defining the student’s behavior and educational performance. Therefore, a research had been conducted to study the effect of different colors in the space in the classrooms of IVHS boy’s school, Ankara, Turkey. The students of ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades had been involved and asked to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire was in two parts, the first determines student’s general information, the second one is based on seven-point emotional content about the perception of the classroom environment which was created using three different colors. The conclusion had been extracted using abstracted data. The final conclusion made is that cool colors create a pleasant and comfortable environment, whereas warm colors make space feel more motivational but smaller.
Read, M.A. & Upington, D. 2009, “Young children’s color preferences in the interior environment”, Early Childhood Education Journal, 36, no. 6, pp. 491-496.
This source focuses on children’s color preference in their surroundings. The whole text highlights some of the previous studies done to analyze the same. The researches believe that color has special meaning for young children. They start perceiving them at a very young age. The aim of the author is to develop a basic understanding of how children perceive color so as to design their space for their interest. Generally, while designing designers use their perceptions. The 45 children of age three to five years from different child development and care centers had participated in the research. Each child has been interviewed individually for the duration of five to ten minutes. The method used is semi-structured interviews and image selection. The images were of an interior corner of the child development center. They were digitally manipulated using seven different colors. Children were asked to select the image of their interest. The data of has been analyzed graphically by linking the data extracted from children’s feedback. Through this, the least and most preferred colors have been scrutinized. This research thus helps in understanding the color preferences for children design.
van der Voordt, T., Bakker, I. & de Boon, J. 2017, “Color preferences for four different types of spaces”, Facilities, 35, no. 3/4, pp. 155-169.
The article aims to study the color preference for different types of spaces. the two working spaces i.e. the office and the meeting room and the two residential spaces i.e. the living room and the bedroom have been taken into consideration. The author believes that for private spaces, people can decide which color need to be used/ but for public spaces, the designer is the one who decides. So, to create the user- friendly environment, this research is mandatory. The conclusion has been made on the basis of two research i.e. the former research and empirical research. The findings from both pieces of research have been presents in conceptual model forms. The literature review from the former research considers various influential factors for findings. Some of these are nature, culture and time spirit, physic and social context, personal behavior, saturation, brightness, and hue. On the other side, empirical research has been conducted around 1000 Dutch respondents keeping the above influential factors in consideration. In the end, the findings from both of the above-mentioned research have collaborated and the assumptions have been made accordingly. It has also been concluded that color selection majorly depends upon the personal characteristically behavior of the user.
López-Besora, J., Isalgué, A., Coch, H., Crespo, I. & Alonso, C. 2014, “Yellow is green: An opportunity for energy savings through colour in architectural spaces”, Energy & Buildings, 78, pp. 105-112.
The article highlights the fact that the building sector is one of the greatest consumer of energy these days. Therefore, to save the energy some strategies needs to be designed to reduce this consumption. The artificial lighting consumes most of the energy and the color is considered to be the most influential factor in lighting design. Thus this study focuses on color and lighting design. For this study, three spaces of the same dimensions were created and painted with three different colors i.e. yellow, blue and grey. People were asked to move in these spaces three times, every time with different lighting arrangement and their perception of the space had been recorded. In addition to it, the physical measurements i.e. illuminance and luminance had also been studied. Considering both of the studies i.e. the people’s perception and physical measurements, it has been concluded that although grey and yellow color both have same reflective index value but rather than that, grey appeared to be dull while yellow seemed to be cheerful and bright. In addition to it, this article gives a direction to designers of how color can be used to improve the visual quality of indoor spaces.
Cho, J.Y. & Lee, E. 2017, “Impact of Interior Colors in Retail Store Atmosphere on Consumers’ Perceived Store Luxury, Emotions, and Preference”, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 35, no. 1, pp. 33-48.
This source highlights the importance of the retail store space in the luxury fashion industry. The space design plays an important role to achieve a positive feedback on purchasing by drawing consumers attention. The aesthetic factors considered to be the most powerful to achieve this. In this study, the author focuses on the color of the various aesthetic elements of store design. The research process is based on a literature review and experimentation method. Initially, in the literature study, some basic terminologies have been explored taking in consideration earlier research works and hypothesis. Some of the basic terms include luxury brand and retail atmosphere, emotions in the retail environment, luxury interior colors, store preferences, and perceived store luxury. Following this, the research has been conducted by involving experts and consumers. Some hypothetical store images and atmosphere has been created and a survey has been conducted among people to rate the images as more or less luxurious. In the end, based on both of the above reviews, some of the colors have been extracted categorizing high or low luxurious.
SHEFALI 